14 de junio de 2012
No sabe gobernar, sólo nos quiere mandar
17 de junio de 2010
Más neoliberalismo por favor
29 de enero de 2004
La sugerencia del eminente
18 de julio de 2002
Estoy convencido
9 de mayo de 2002
El monólogo de Kurowski
3 de octubre de 2000
The OPEC that I want to see
This situation was so disastrous that at the end of 1998 the only alternatives that were ventilated publicly were either to violently increase production capacity or to simply sell or privatize the entire industry.
To limit oneself to the simple increase in production capacity would be to repeat the same errors that were committed with the other raw materials and natural non-renewable resources. It would mean to resign oneself to receiving the marginal contribution that results from being the sector’s low cost producer. It is sad that a country that has been so blessed with a valuable resource such as oil has to adopt a model that, at the end of the day, would let it to sell it at the variable cost of production. Something like receiving a valuable family inheritance and then turning around and selling it for what it costs to wrap it and ship it to the buyer.
In the same vein, the outright privatization of the oil sector would eliminate all possibility of geopolitic negotiation and the only thing we would receive as a going away present would be the resources to solve the existential problems of an entire generation of Venezuelans that have, for the last 20 years, not been able to decide if they were coming or going and that lived in a sort of Limbo State in the duty free zone of our international airport.
Today, when OPEC, for well know reasons (albeit not well recognized reasons) has received a new lease on life, it would be naughty not to wish it success in taking advantage of this second wind to build itself into a solid organization capable of facing the new challenges. If it fails, this will surely be its last breath. This is why I wish to share with you what I would consider the OPEC I want.
The OPEC I want would be able to win the confidence of all of its members in order to consolidate in one single block all the resources necessary to really defend it oil. These resources go far and beyond the simple turning of the tap.
The OPEC I want would be one that, upon observing how consumer nations have usurped the value of oil by increasing taxes (the UK, for example, increased taxes from 85% in 1980 to 456% ad valorem in 1998), would humbly accept the fact that they have lost the battle to an able opponent, but is now regrouping in order to win the war.
The OPEC I want would train the world’s100 best environmentalists in order to insure that, even though it shares the conviction and responsibility of taking care of our fragile world, the costs of defending the latter would not be laid squarely and unjustly on oil’s shoulders and that the environmentalist’s arguments will not be used for other hypocritical ends.
The OPEC I want would train the world’s 100 best experts in international commerce who would help avoid measures like direct subsidies for carbon as well as taxes that are aimed directly at oil and not at other sources of energy and that are evidently discriminatory and therefore not permitted under the norms established by the World Trade Organization.
The OPEC I want would train the world’s 1000 best scientists who would work in the world’s best laboratories and study, research and develop new uses for oil in order to minimize pollution or maximize added value as well as alternate sources of energy that could be used in the future.
The OPEC I want would not recognize the rights to intellectual property, brands and patents that, like a rabbit pulled out of a hat, generate income for the countries that own these rights which are definitely renewable, while the income obtained from the sale of a non-renewable natural resource such as oil is simultaneously being treated in a discriminatory fashion.
The OPEC I want simply would not allow a company to abscond with a hefty portion of the value of oil because it has formulated an additive that (supposedly) permits gasoline to be less polluting and based on a process that has dubiously been patented.
The OPEC I want would train the best image and marketing advisors in order to insure that the world’s public opinion does not continuously receive distorted information about OPEC and its members.
The OPEC I want would be staffed with the best team of diplomats and negotiators that would insure adequate representation at all international forums.
The OPEC I want would not allow gas and other sources of energy who’s values are not set under the OPEC umbrella to be introduced into the market like Trojan horses in order to compete with oil.
The OPEC I want knows that it counts with other resources other than oil to defend itself. The mere addition of all its international purchasing power would allow it to receive better treatment by imposing uniform special duties on all those who discriminate against oil.
The OPEC I want would not be formed by managers that think that their only objective is to perform comfortable bureaucratic tasks, but rather by soldiers that know and accept that they are on a mission aimed at improving the lot of their nations and that borders on being sacred.
The OPEC I want knows that it is not totally unimportant and is able to rally the solid support of its members and above all, of the population of its member countries.
The citizens of countries belonging to the OPEC I want know that even though their happiness and well being does not depend only on oil, it does depend on being able to defend what is theirs.
In the OPEC I want everyone prays to his respective God to give them strength to take full advantage of the meeting in Caracas.
In the Daily Journal, Caracas,Venezuela, October 3, 2000
24 de agosto de 2000
La OPEP que yo quiero
3 de agosto de 2000
La OPEP y la Venezuela de hoy.
4 de julio de 2000
La punta del iceberg
6 de junio de 2000
¡Cuidado con el falso ambientalismo anti-petrolero!
28 de enero de 2000
Making Venezuela competitive. "The Oil Cruiser"
The value of something is simply what the buyer is willing to pay for it. It is clear that in the above case, the producer of the oil is only able to extract a minimal portion of the value of the same, i.e. 16%. This should theoretically oblige him to take action.
The first and foremost, is to protest and fight against the indiscriminate and confiscatory taxes most countries that consume oil and its derivatives impose on it. In this sense, I am doing what I can through an organization called Petropolitan. Today, however, I wish to refer to other possibilities of extracting more value from oil.
I heard while watching a documentary, that a large cruise ship crossing the Atlantic consumes about US$ 80,000 worth of fuel oil per day. I am not sure when this documentary was produced, but there is no doubt that the cost of oil is of vital importance, both for cruise ships as well as for airlines.
Interested in the subject, I managed to get hold of a copy of a report that detailed by name and dates the different cruise ships that are to visit a particular island in the Caribbean during the month of January 2000.
With the help of a Cruise Guide I studied the list and obtained the following results:
During the month of January of this year, 54 cruise ships were scheduled to visit the island of Saint Martin, some of them more than once.
These ships represent a basic population of 92,846 passengers (two per cabin) who are cared for by a total of 39,345 crewmembers. Upon visiting the island, they get to know it, they buy things, they eat and drink, they re-supply the ship, and in general, they put the island on the tourism map.
Worldwide, the cruise industry sells more than eight million tourism packages per year (5.5 million in the United States alone), based on a fleet of almost 300 ships or which 85 have a capacity to accommodate more than 1,000 passengers.
I ask myself if it would be possible, by using our oil intelligently, to introduce Venezuela to this market and thereby manage to obtain higher yields from our oil sales than we are getting at this moment.
For example, we could come to agreements which would guarantee that each ship that docks at two Venezuelan ports and stays a minimum of 6 hours at one and 18 hours at another, has the right to take on fuel at a preferential price not greater than the marginal production cost and in quantities adjusted to the number of passengers each ship carries.
Evidently, preferential prices for fuel oil do not guarantee success. There is no doubt that passengers must want to come to Venezuela in the first place. I am sure, however, that if we were to put into place a plan like this which could be effectively sold to the owners of the cruise lines and that somehow guarantees traffic for a period of ten years, investment would immediately begin to flow towards the required infrastructure and Venezuela could achieve the required specialization in order to compete with other destinations.
I do not think anyone in rest of the Caribbean would object to this program, since the only thing that can result is an increase in tourism activity in the entire area, which would benefit everyone.
It is also possible to extend the benefits of a plan such as this one to the aviation sector. I can envisage packages, which would enable tourists to fly from New York to Porlamar in Margarita, to stay at a hotel for a week and then go back on a cruise ship.
The proposed might help to reverse the oil sector’s low job creation capacity. One employee in the tourism industry mentioned the fact that during the winter months, some Canadian cruise lines concentrated their activity in Miami. He referred to this as a “shot in the arm” for the Miami economy. I do not wish to exaggerate the possible impact of a program such as the one described here, but honestly, if Miami’s economy needs a shot in the arm, doesn't Venezuela's?
With our geographic advantages, our oil and a bit of will, Venezuela could surely become the southern capital for cruise lines in the Caribbean. This could probably be achieved without using our oil, but why not make the best use of a comparative advantage?
In the Daily Journal, Caracas, January 28, 2000
3 de diciembre de 1999
The world's real petro-pirates!
From one barrel of oil, one can approximately and simultaneously obtain 84 liters of gasoline, 12 of jet fuel, 36 of gas oil, 16 of lubricants and 12 of heavy residues.
I am well aware that the value US$ 150 is achieved by the taxman forcing himself in at the point of sale of gasoline, as an extremely expensive middleman, keeping 85 percent of the gross. But, was this not exactly the things that world governments agreed not to do, in order to foster free trade and growth ... or what we believed when we signed up on all those reductions of protectionist duties, accepting to lend the developed world a hand, collecting, their pretensions of royalties for intellectual property rights?
Today's result is therefore that, when an oil producing country is selling it's non-renewable and scarce resource to the world, it's only getting a fraction of the real value.
The hurt and pain I feel at seeing so much poverty in my country, that could be alleviated by just a little bit more of justice by the developed consumer countries themselves, is made worse by thus adding salt to the wound.
Their bankers sold us on the idea, in the mid-seventies, that oil was going to increase in value, and therefore that we could calmly take on the responsibility for servicing a huge country debt ... they never told us that all the increase in the value of oil, which has actually occurred since then, was going to be confiscated by their taxmen.
We producers were, and still are, the remaining scapegoat for all inflationary pressures derived from any price increase in gasoline and other derivatives ... even when these were just the result of higher taxes. We oil producers were, and still are, branded as the most wanted criminal in environmental issues when, in fact, we are the ones paying 100% of the cost of all the protection plans that through their taxes reduce world demand for oil.
Today we hear of even higher future oil taxes when Germany (for example) announces a plan of annual increases as a way to reduce their workers' social security payments and discriminate against us by not taxing coal and other energy sources.
For what it's worth, I would like to remind the developed world in good conscience that, when you're giving generous assistance to the under-developed world, much of it is with money properly belonging to the oil producing nations.
When I see the suffering of my more destitute fellow countrymen I blame myself, I blame all those lousy governments we have had ... but I also rightly blame the taxmen in the consumer countries, who are the true petropirates of the world.
In the Daily Journal, Caracas, December 3, 1999
1 de octubre de 1999
Fighting for one's country
The debate, needless to say, was excellent. I enjoyed the intellectual capacities of the debaters, as well as the abilities in the art of debate both of them displayed. Taking advantage of the presence of such distinguished personalities, of the serious academic environment in which the debate took place and the invitation to ask questions, I took it upon myself to ask the following:
Gentlemen: It is well known that in the country you come from, a tax that is often above 800% is levied on the value of gasoline. This type of tax is without a doubt the main reason why our country does not perceive more income from its oil exports. As a citizen of an oil producing country, I ask how, in your opinion, and from the perspective of “exactly the opposite”, the existence of these taxes can be explained in the context of the commercial aperture that is being developed worldwide?
That was the end of “cross-fire” and “opposite poles”. My question immediately fused the opinions of the debaters into one, as if by chemical reaction, and both seemed liberated from any type of academic requirements. Almost in unison both responded something like: Boy! (I am almost 50 years old now, but the response was basically as if I was being treated as “Boy”). You should know that these taxes are imposed in order to reduce gasoline consumption and save the world’s environments from contamination. Additionally, you should be aware of the fact that your country’s main problem is that it is wholly dependant on oil and in this sense it should thank us for any help we can give you in order to reduce this dependence.
This response, the result of a solid defense of national interest over and above any ideological consideration, was for me a true lesson in the policy of economic development. It clearly indicated that any country that cannot rally its people to fight the commercial war, body to body, that globalization has initiated, is utterly and completely lost.
The taxes on oil based products that I have mentioned above are no small matter. According to information obtained for June, courtesy of the Petrol Retailer’s Association of the United Kingdom, a liter of gasoline was sold at the pump for the equivalent of Bs. 661. The distribution of this amount is basically as follows: Bs. 47 (7%) for the distributor, Bs. 68 (11%) for the producer and Bs. 552 (83%) for the British tax authorities.
The taxes apparently have no limit. Governments such as the United Kingdom and Germany have recently formally approved future increases. The Sunday Telegraph of the 29th of August estimates that the gallon of gasoline in England in the year 2010 will be sold at £ 6.90, which is equivalent to Bs. 1,800 per liter. Out of this amount, the producer and the distributor must divide 10% since the taxman intends to keep about 90%.
There is no doubt that should these taxes not exist, Venezuela would today be selling more oil at better prices. There is also no doubt that these taxes represent a major threat to the future of our oil industry. In this sense, the problem should be one of national interest.
Not withstanding the above, there has been an absolute absence of formal protest in Venezuela. What is worse, only a tiny fraction of its citizens are aware of the problem. Worse still, the majority of those that work in the oil industry or that are experts therein, express surprise when confronted with the magnitude of these taxes.
Prices of oil have recently risen. These increases are historically very modest. The European press, however, is full of attacks on the “bad boys” of the OPEC. In The Observer of the 5th of September in England I read that the fault was attributed to “a number of far-flung dictatorships (and the odd democracy)….”, and the fact that OPEC had reduced its production somewhat “alarmed when the price of oil fell to its lowest level in 25 years and their petrol-addicted economies were suffering”.
In Venezuela, we see nothing in the way of response in the sense that the real “petrol-addicted” entities are the fiscal authorities of consumer nations. Our dailies basically limit themselves to reproducing articles that reflect preoccupation with possible inflationary pressures, making the uninformed Venezuelan feel like he is at fault for potential world crises.
It is high time that Venezuela begins to defend itself in a globalized world. For me, the negative effect to the country of having part of the value of our non-renewable assets commandeered by the taxmen in consumer nations is exactly as the same as if guerillas from a neighboring country come across the border and carry away a few barrels. Why do all our patriots have blinders on?
In the Daily Journal, Caracas, October 1, 1999
24 de septiembre de 1999
Close to crying "Yankee go Home"
However as I am nearing my fiftieth birthday, I suddenly have an incredible urge to yell “Yankee Go Home”. This occurred most recently when I read another of Rowan's articles, in this case blasting away at the latest changes implemented at PDVSA.
Theoretically, had we successfully arrived at the end of the opening of the oil industry, the recent cuts in production, which have had such positive effects over the last few months, would have been impossible to execute since the private sector would have to be compensated. The oil opening per se implied a departure, albeit clandestine, from OPEC. Since I have never been convinced that OPEC was losing relevance, I publicly opposed this oil opening policy, asking that its implications be democratically discussed.
I also considered that the Venezuelan oil industry benefited from being divided into several different entities. Even though this evidently represented additional costs, it was a good way of achieving mutual and cross supervision by experts in the industry. Therefore, when we were sold a restructuring based on supposed and overestimated savings (an annual figure of US$ 2 billion was brazenly bandied about) and which simply implied a total centralization of power, I loudly cried foul.
We were told that due to the lack of internal resources it was necessary to invite foreign capital to participate in the development of basic activities such as exploration and production. Soon after, as if by magic, resources suddenly appeared tand were quickly invested in the “strategic” but very poorly explained building of gasoline stations that could also sell fast food. I felt misled and publicly informed PDVSA that the risk of Kuwait building a gas station in Las Mercedes in Caracas in order to compete directly and sell its ultra-light gasoline to the local market was really very slight.
I also protested, and continue to do so, when PDVSA, in the face of an upward trend in outsourcing of services, created the CIED in order to sell seminars and courses to captive clients. I protested and continue to protest when PDVSA, without much explanation, used an inmense amount of resources to finance studies of commercial ports in rivers in the eastern part of the country, for example.
The President of PDVSA should occupy his post as if he were a soldier on a battlefield on a sacred national mission. It wrenched my soul to see how he thinks he is a General Patton instead, and finds his way onto an entire page of the Wall Street Journal as Executive of the Year. Perhaps it should have been Entrepreneur of the Year.
Three years ago, as I traveled in the interior of the country, I observed how high interest rates, new taxes and a foreign exchange policy that in real terms strongly revalued the national currency were taking the country on a wild ride towards recession. At that point, while expressing my anguish at the possibility of a permanent loss of jobs, the then President of PDVSA, as if he were any common politician on TV, happily informed whoever would listen, that Venezuela was "condemned to success”. I almost cried with rage.
Last week, Rowan wrote that PDVSA’s ex-President, Luis Giusti, had produced a bonus of US$ 2.3 billion for the state with the oil opening - as if this were not simply the fruit of oil income perceived in advance, unfortunately already frittered away.
Rowan wrote: “Giusti’s strategy was brilliant. From a national perspective, Giusti was a patriot”. With respect to the recent changes at PDVSA, he wrote: “The development of this country has just been set back twenty years. The only institution in active transition to modernization, professionalism and meritocracy in Venezuela has been sacked. It’s been vandalized, ruined by ideologues from a Dark Age”.
I recently registered a NGO called Petropolitan, and through it I am fighting against the taxes on oil products imposed by a majority of the oil consuming countries of the world. These charges prevent oil-producing countries from receiving what they should rightly be receiving from the sale of their non-renewable resources.
The real value of an item of goods is normally measured at the consumer level, and in this sense the average value of a barrel of oil in the world might have already surpassed US$ 100. Of that value, up to a few months ago, the producer only received US$ 10, and today still has to settle for a meager US$ 20. I hope that someday when the absurd confiscation by taxmen in the developed world is eliminated, they will receive, say US$ 40 or more. If this defense of what is rightly ours classifies me in Rowan’s world as being one of the ideologues of the Dark Ages, then that is exactly what I am, and am proud of being so.
Daily Journal, Caracas, September 24, 1999
23 de julio de 1999
The mouse that roared
Last week, columnist Michael Rowan issued several recommendations for Venezuela, among these that you should “Ask not how you can be protected from the world. Ask only how best you can live in it”. I have frequently asked myself this question, but since the response that begins to develop in my mind is vastly different from the text book type answer hinted at by Mr. Rowan, I wish to make note of some of these differences.
To begin with, and even though I agree that a lot of the country’s internal problems as mentioned by Mr. Rowan really do exist, I consider it to be wrong to label Venezuela as a protectionist country. It could be that he did not know the Venezuela of old, but as of 1989 the country has, not always in a straight line and more often than not out of necessity rather than conviction, been submerged in a process of commercial and cultural aperture of such import that it is today one of the least protectionist countries in the world.
Upon rereading some of the articles I have written over the years, I find clear evidence of the fact that I have always been a constant defender of the markets as prime regulators and motors of the economy and as a consequence of this, I have also always been totally against what is today know as protectionism. In this sense, I am worried that Venezuela’s opening has not produced the desired results.
The commercial recipes common in today’s world are comprised primarily of the following two commandments: 1) Open your borders and allow the products, services and capital offered by the rest of the world to come in so that all of your citizens may have access to the best the world can offer, produced in the most efficient manner possible; 2) Respect the rights to intellectual property and to brands and patents in order to insure the adequate return of costs and to allow those who today fuel development to continue their mission.
In exchange for compliance with these commandments, the interested party is offered a first class ticket on the Train of Sustained Development on the way to a better economic future. Certainly, some of the passengers will be weaker than others. However, if all follow the same basic diet and exercise plan, based on the exploitation of inherent strengths with the adoption of an effort towards specialization, sooner or later, so goes the theory, all will be more or less equal.
Chile, for example, is a good example of what excellent results a ride on this Train can produce. Unfortunately, Venezuela, while having complied with the commandments almost religiously has absolutely nothing to show in the way of favorable results. Why? Rowan would answer, ‘It is Venezuela’s own fault’. I would say that while he is partially right, it is also important to say that the world is not playing a fair ball game.
The indisputable fact is that the world is applying duties on products derived from oil, as is the case of taxes on gasoline that in some parts of the world top 800% and that bar the producers from receiving his fair share of the sale of their resources. If these taxes were eliminated or were simply limited, for example, to something like the 26% duty imposed by Venezuela on the importation, Venezuela’s income would be much greater. Easily US$ 10 billion greater!
In this sense, if I am to respond to Mr. Rowan’s questions as to “How best you can live in it (the world)”, I would not be lying if I told you that I am feeling dangerously close to suggesting that we quit being stupid and that until the world comes around and gives us a fair shake by eliminating the damaging taxes on oil, we begin to behave as rogues.
As a first dish, it would be most tempting to raise all import duties to the same levels each country applies to oil. As a main dish I could suggest we violate all brands and intellectual property rights, copy all medicines and facilitate their generic sale world wide. Finally, as a dessert, I could ask PDV to quit building fancy gasoline stations in Venezuela which, being sure that Kuwait is not waiting in the wings to compete on our turf, do not generate the sale of even one extra liter of gasoline. Instead I would construct large floating gasoline stations, anchor them off the coast of Europe and offer each European entrepreneur with a neoliberal bend the right to freely commercialize our gasoline tax free.
Am I exaggerating? One of the principal elements of discussion in the universe of ecological taxes, the ecotax, is how to insure that oil producing nations are also convinced to adopt fiscal policies involving high oil or energy taxes. The reason for this, in layman’s terms, is that if we don’t, industries that consume large amounts of energy could conceivably move to those countries with cheap energy, causing the loss of jobs in non-oil producing countries. So much for the specialization credo.
We should declare total and absolute war on the injustices of today’s system of commercial interchange. Just like the small country that declared war on Europe in the movie The Mouse That Roared, we have absolutely nothing to lose and much to gain. With so many enemies without why do we need to have enemies within?
In the Daily Journal, Caracas, July 23, 1999
9 de julio de 1999
Un correo electrónico a nuestros acusadores.
Recientemente nos sorprendió una demanda interpuesta contra Venezuela por una organización de productores independientes de petróleo en el Estado de Oklahoma, Estados Unidos. La demanda se basó en el cargo de vertido de petróleo.
En términos simples, el "dumping" ocurre cuando un país exporta productos a un precio inferior a su costo real de producción o a un precio inferior al precio de venta en su mercado interno. Para calcular el costo real, hay que considerar los efectos de todos los subsidios estatales. El dumping se considera competencia desleal y, por tanto, está prohibido. Si se demuestra en este caso, también dará lugar a graves medidas comerciales de represalia.
Como observador externo, siento que esta demanda es una amenaza real para Venezuela, pero también creo que también puede ser una oportunidad. Para entender esto, es importante analizar quién está realmente detrás de esta demanda.
Hay una cantidad increíble de pozos petroleros en Estados Unidos, cientos de miles. Sólo en Texas se dice que hay al menos sesenta mil pozos que producen menos de un barril por día. Debido a los bajos precios del petróleo, la cantidad de pozos que supuestamente se han cerrado es igualmente increíble. Una organización conocida como IPAA calcula que entre noviembre de 1997 y febrero de 1999 se cerraron más de 136.000 pozos.
Detrás de estos pozos no sólo hay grandes compañías petroleras, sino también cientos de miles de personas, pequeños empresarios, trabajadores, viudas que reciben regalías, proveedores de bienes y servicios, todos ellos votantes en un momento u otro. Por lo tanto, no debería sorprendernos que este sector posea una gran influencia política.
Para Venezuela, esto significa que, aunque la demanda no esté basada en terreno sólido, puede tener más éxito de lo que pensábamos en un principio. Sólo debemos recordar que un pequeño grupo de interés en el Estado de Florida logró bloquear el uso de la Orimulsión Venezolana. ¿Te imaginas lo que puede hacer un grupo grande? Ya que siempre he pensado que Venezuela fue negligente en proteger sus intereses en el caso de la Orimulsión. Sinceramente espero que en este caso más reciente las autoridades sean más cuidadosas y tomen las medidas necesarias.
Sin embargo, como mencioné anteriormente, esta demanda puede no ser sólo una amenaza, sino que también puede presentar una oportunidad para Venezuela. Desde hace meses vengo impulsando un movimiento al que he denominado Petropolitano. El propósito de este grupo es protestar y dar a conocer que los países productores de petróleo están sujetos a discriminación comercial cuando las naciones consumidoras aplican impuestos o aranceles para que los productores reciban sólo una fracción del valor real de su petróleo.
Por ejemplo, según la Retail Motor Industry Federation del Reino Unido, el precio de la gasolina premium sin plomo el 4 de junio de 1999 (hace un mes) en el surtidor era de 4,17 dólares por galón. De este elevado valor, evidentemente real ya que el automovilista inglés está dispuesto a pagarlo, sólo 0,43 dólares, es decir el 10%, terminan en el bolsillo del productor. El distribuidor recibe 0,26 dólares y el fisco inglés, único rentista real de esta cadena, se queda con 3,48 dólares, lo que representa el 83,5% del precio de venta al por menor.
Cuando comparamos los 3,48 dólares recaudados por el recaudador de impuestos [del Reino Unido] con los 0,43 dólares recibidos por los productores de petróleo en lugar de un activo no renovable, es evidente que el impuesto es de más del 800%. Este deber es, sin duda, una de las principales razones de los bajos ingresos petroleros, no sólo los nuestros, sino también los de Oklahoma.
La situación empeora cada día que pasa. Con base en leyes ya aprobadas, podemos prever que el precio del galón de gasolina en Europa será de 10 dólares para el año 2006, de los cuales el productor recibirá sólo 0,50 dólares, es decir, el 5%. Alemania, por ejemplo, aprobó recientemente un “paso del impuesto sobre la renta personal a un impuesto a los usuarios de energía”. Estos impuestos serán utilizados por el gobierno alemán para “financiar la reducción de las primas de seguridad para la vejez”.
Por cierto, no me refiero sólo a Europa, ya que actualmente la mayor parte del mundo aplica impuestos y derechos al petróleo. Una de las pocas excepciones es Estados Unidos, donde ha habido más moderación. Debido a lo anterior, y si la decisión fuera mía, estaría en el próximo avión a Oklahoma en un intento de educar a nuestros acusadores sobre quiénes son nuestros verdaderos enemigos. Les diría que estos últimos se ríen mientras nos peleamos por las migajas, y trataría de convertirlos en poderosos aliados.
Los ejecutivos de PDVSA o no ven el bosque por los árboles o se han dejado dormir por sus propias realidades internas. En cualquier caso, no parecen dispuestos a tomar medidas radicales. Asimismo, el ciudadano común está demasiado alejado de la industria para reaccionar con fuerza en el corto plazo.
¿Quién sabe? Quizás el pequeño productor de Oklahoma, el que sufre y siente personalmente las injusticias actuales de esta situación, el que más probablemente tiene la voluntad de salir a defender con avidez sus intereses, el que pertenece a un país que puede defender el banano, lo hace. no producir, el que hoy es nuestro acusador, puede ser en última instancia el aliado que Venezuela realmente necesita. Por si acaso, ya les envié un correo electrónico.
We were recently surprised by a lawsuit brought against Venezuela by an organization of independent oil producers in the State of Oklahoma in the United States. The suit was based on the charge of dumping oil.












